Evaluation of insar dem from high-resolution spaceborne sar data

In recent years a new generation of high-resolution SAR satellites became operational like the Canadian Radarsat-2, the Italian Cosmo/Skymed, and the German TerraSAR-X systems. The spatial resolution of such devices achieves the meter domain or even below. Key products derived from remote sensing imagery are Digital Elevation Models (DEM). Based on SAR data various techniques can be applied for such purpose, for example, Radargrammetry (i.e., SAR Stereo) and SAR Interferometry (InSAR). In the framework of the ISPRS Working Group VII/2 "SAR Interferometry" a long term scientific project is conducted that aims at the validation of DEM derived from data of modern SAR satellite sensors. In this paper, we present DEM results yield for the city of Barcelona which were generated by means of SAR Interferometry.DL

Simulation assisted high-resolution psi analysis

Since the first demonstration of the potential of the differential SAR interferometry in the early 1990s a lot of effort has been made to accurately estimate ground deformation with imaging radar sensors. This led to the invention of the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) in the late 1990s. PSI enables the estimation of ground deformation for a set of temporally stable radar reflectors, the so called PS, with millimeter accuracy. The main advantage compared to methods commonly used for ground deformation monitoring like GPS is the possibility to cover large areas very economically. One of the main drawbacks is the opportunistic sampling of the target area, which is mainly governed by the distribution of stable radar reflectors within the scene. Besides problems caused by undersampling the main issue is due to the face, that the real world feature related to a PS is usually not known. This makes the interpretation of the results particularly difficult. While the assignment of these real world features is very difficult in the case of ERS like sensors, modern high resolution SAR sensors like TerraSAR-X (TSX) render this task possible. We investigate the use of SAR simulation to match real world features with PS extracted from a TSX stack acquired over the city of Berlin Germany. The simulation is based on a 3D city model of the area around the Potsdamer Platz, Berlin.National Natural Science Foundation of China/6095011035

3D Quality assessment of high resolution Terrasar-x data: Barcelona case study

Son yıllarda, yapay açıklıklı radar (SAR) verileri bilimsel uygulamalarda yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmış ve birçok SAR görevi gerçekleştirilmiştir. SAR teknolojisi, aktif algılama yeteneği ve uzun dalga boyları sayesinde pasif algılamaya dayalı çalışan optik sistemlerin aksine hava şartları ve gece-gündüzden bağımsız olarak günün her saati veri sağlayabilmektedir. SAR uydu verilerinin geçmişte en büyük problemi çözünürlük olarak kaydedilmiştir. Ancak bu problem, SAR teknolojisi için bir devrim niteliğinde olan TerraSAR-X (TSX)’in yörüngeye oturtulması ile aşılmıştır. TSX, üç farklı görüntüleme modu sayesinde geniş alanlar kaplayabilen yüksek çözünürlükte (1m’ye kadar) veriler üretebilmektedir. Günümüzde, TSX verileri kullanılarak çok sayıda bilimsel araştırma yapılmaktadır. ISPRS SAR Interferometri çalışma grubu da TSX SAR verilerinden elde edilen dijital yükseklik modellerinin (DYM) kalite değerlendirmesi konulu bir proje gerçekleştirmektedir. Proje kapsamında, Türkiye, İspanya, Almanya ve İtalya’dan seçilmiş test alanları kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, bahsedilen proje kapsamında 3m azimut çözünürlüklü TSX StripMap (SM) mod uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak İspanya’nın Barselona kentinde çok sayıda yüksek çözünürlüklü DYM üretilmiş ve bu modeller içerisinden en uygunu seçilerek kalite değerlendirmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, Barselona test alanı, dik ve dağlık topoğrafyaya sahip geniş bir alan ve kentsel alan olmak üzere iki kısma ayrılmış ve kalite değerlendirmesi doğruluk ve görsellik bileşenleri göz önünde bulundurularak yapılmıştır. Uygulamada dijital hava fotoğraflarından elde edilmiş 10 cm yatay ve 10 cm – 1 m düşey doğruluğa sahip bir DYM referans olarak kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar TSX DYM’sinin topoğrafya ile her yönüyle uyumlu olduğunu ve doğruluğun ±8-10m arasında olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmada diğer bir uygulama olarak, LIDAR verileri ile üretilmiş ve çok hassas olduğu bilinen, Google Earth’de mevcut 3 boyutlu Barselona şehir modeli ile PSI (Persistent Scatterer Interferometri) tekniği ile TSX’den elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç, PSI ürünlerinin referans veri ile oldukça uyumlu olduğu ve kotların karesel ortalama hatasının 2,5m dolayında olduğunu göstermiştir.In recent years, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data is being used intensely for scientific applications and many SAR missions have been accomplished. On the contrary of optical systems operating based on passive sensing principle, SAR technology is capable of providing data independent of weather conditions and time of acquisition under favour of active sensing ability and long wavelength. The most important problem of SAR data was decided upon the resolutuion. However, this problem is overcome with orbitting of TerraSAR-X (TSX) which is considered to be a revolution. TSX can provide high resolution data (up to 1m) covering large areas thanks to three different imaging modes. Today, many scientific studies are performed employing TSX data. ISPRS SAR Interferometry Working Group is also conducting a project that performs quality assessment of digital elevation models generated from TSX data. Within the scope of this project,several test sites are being studied from Turkey, Spain, Germany and Italy. In this research, many high resolution DEMs are generated using 3m azimuth resolution TSX StripMap (SM) mode images for Barcelona (Spain) and the most suitable one is chosen and quality asessment is performed on it in the context of the aforementioned project. For the study, quality assessment is performed taking into consideration accuracy and visuality components in Barcelona test site that has been partitioned in two sub-areas as a large area with steep and mountainous topography and an urban area. In the application, a photogrammetric reference model that has 10 cm horizontal and 10 cm – 1 m vertical accuracy was used for the verification. The results show that TSX DEM is compatible with all aspects of the topography with the accuracy between ±8-10m. As another application in the study, Barcelona city model available in Google Earth, which is known to be generated by very accurate LIDAR data, and PSI results of TSX are compared. As a result, it is observed that PSI products and reference data are quite compatible and RMSZ of elevations are around 2,5m

MOOSE Navier–Stokes module

The MOOSE Navier–Stokes module solves mass, momentum, energy, and passive scalar conservation equations in the context of fluid flow. The module supports solution of these equations in both free flow and porous medium contexts and for a range of fluid compressibility. The conservation equations can be discretized in space using continuous Galerkin finite elements or with cell centered finite volumes